How the Captions Program Works

Middle School age student taking a photograph of a wild mushroom growing on a hillside in Nayarit, M

Step 1

Student takes a photograph or short video on her or his cellphone or digital camera, or downloads an image (citing the source) from the Internet.

Four samples of student handwriting. His text contains information concerning wild mushrooms.

Step 2

Step 1

Student writes a story or caption that goes with the image. The length of the story or caption could be as short as a few words, or as long as a 3-sentence paragraph.

Wild mushrooms growing on a hillside in Nayarit, Mexico.

Step 3

Step 1

Step 3

Student sends the image and caption to the captions editor. For images from the Internet, the editor helps the student compose a professional email to procure permission.

APA Stylebook to check student's writing.

Step 4

Step 3

The editor checks the caption for errors in spelling and grammar. The editor also checks for language consistency and, if necessary, offers suggestions to improve the writing.

Student's writing with teacher's corrections.

Step 5

Step 4

Step 5

The editor returns the student’s work with proofreaders’ marks and edits in the margin.

Student's writing with corrections from the teacher

Step 6

Step 4

Step 5

The student incorporates the corrections and optional edits.

Step 7

Step 8 (optional)

The editor prepares an individualized worksheet that reinforces correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, style, and vocabulary selection.

Mushrooms growing in a forest to teach children narrow depth-of-field

Step 8 (optional)

Students learn photographic techniques by looking at and analyzing examples of images from newspapers, magazines, museums, and photo banks.

Context for Student Writings and Photos

Journalism That Reinforces Topics of Students' Greatest Interests

We start working with students by asking them to write about a topic which they enjoy or of which have deep knowledge.

Journalism That Reinforces School Topics

After developing an enjoyment of writing, we ask students to research and write about topics related to class assignments, and photograph a person or image related to that topic.

Multiple Types of Writing

We ask students to produce expository, descriptive, persuasive, and narrative writing.

Project-Based Assignments Beyond the Classroom

Students have extended opportunities to expand their photojournalism projects with field trips, designing, building, and writing about 3-D printing, using computers to post-process photographs, visiting giant telescopes, and participating in other activities.

Elements of an Effective Image in Photojournalism

Sharp Focus

Depth of Field

Is one person or object essential to the topic you are covering? If so, perhaps it should be focused neatly. Many photos are slightly blurry, which is okay if it is an image to be used in an advertisement where the text message would be in focus.

Depth of Field

The distance between the closest and farthest objects that appears acceptably sharp. An image with a deep depth of field will show objects both close up and far away in focus. An image with a shallow depth of field, on the other hand, shows a small or narrow area in an image in focus. The background or foreground may be blurred.

Color Balance

Depth of Field

Color Balance

Rendering and adjusting the intensity of colors accurately. A goal is to render colors—in red, green, and blue for a computer screen; in cyan, magenta, yellow, and black for printed material—correctly. Tint, tone, and shade sometimes need to be altered.

Composition

Point of View

Color Balance

Where do your eyes focus in an image. Composition is how the photo elements are arranged. A few well-known established conventions are Rules of Thirds, Leading Lines, Patterns, Simplicity (cutting out distractions), and Negative Space.

Point of View

Point of view refers to the position the camera is in when viewing the scene. Is the photographer at eye level, ground level, or above the person or items in focus? Subjects can be distorted by camera position as well by the type of lens used or filter applied.

Lighting

Point of View

Sunset over Saguaro National Park near Tucson.

Lighting in photography is the illumination of a scene. Soft and hard lighting help determine the mood...dreamlike, romantic, factual, etc. What is your source of light? And from which direction does it originate in your photo? Too little light and the image is dark. Too much light and the image is washed out.